The First-phase Project of the Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Water Diversion Project (1st-phase Hanjiang-Weihe WDP) is characterized by its complex construction, lengthy duration, and extensive environmental impacts, particularly in the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains. Some engineering facilities intersect with nationally or locally designated aquatic ecologically sensitive areas, directly or indirectly causing habitat degradation and biodiversity loss in these regions. This paper analyzes and identifies the ecological impacts of the project on aquatic ecologically sensitive zones, reviews the implementation of mitigation measures, and evaluates their effectiveness. By assessing the efficacy of these measures, this study aims to determine the project's environmental sustainability and provide insights for ecological restoration in future similar projects.