In decreasing order of effect severity, following six priorities are identified for spring wheat management with fungicides in the absence of severe disease: First, to protect a susceptible or highly susceptible cultivar in order to gain yield; second, to control minor seedling diseases; third, to protect a vulnerable stage in disease forecasting system, especially when the planting date was late and conducive for tan spot of wheat; fourth, to optimize yield in wheat when it showed responses to fungicide; fifth, to increase the protein content in market classes that value it most when using fungicides with dual mode of action; and sixth, to choose most effective fungicide with appropriate leaf disease complex present. Three of these priorities, however, depend on correctly identifying best planting date for functional genotypes being grown. To find the best planting date, lower costs are incurred if each wheat class is assessed separately. These fungi produce compounds only when infection is initiated, open system prediction, taking into account frequency of wind-driven infection events and compatibilities of pathogens and inoculum enhancement in pathogen community, is needed to further enhance wheat production. There is scope to conduct antagonistic experiments between specific fungicides and fungicide resistance in biotrophic and necrotrophic fungi under greenhouse and field conditions, given known disease synergies in wheat crop management, there is a need to combine research on fungicide application, variety choice, and planting date, and ultimately look at economic impact of these strategies. Data and analysis of fungicide phenology effects on yield are needed, an additional constraint also exists, possibly due to climate change, which could affect response of wheat yield to fungicides.

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Wheat Crop Response to Fungicides and Planting Dates

  • Sail Bassem Mohamed,
  • Jasim Abdullah Hayawi,
  • Safaa M. sultan

摘要

In decreasing order of effect severity, following six priorities are identified for spring wheat management with fungicides in the absence of severe disease: First, to protect a susceptible or highly susceptible cultivar in order to gain yield; second, to control minor seedling diseases; third, to protect a vulnerable stage in disease forecasting system, especially when the planting date was late and conducive for tan spot of wheat; fourth, to optimize yield in wheat when it showed responses to fungicide; fifth, to increase the protein content in market classes that value it most when using fungicides with dual mode of action; and sixth, to choose most effective fungicide with appropriate leaf disease complex present. Three of these priorities, however, depend on correctly identifying best planting date for functional genotypes being grown. To find the best planting date, lower costs are incurred if each wheat class is assessed separately. These fungi produce compounds only when infection is initiated, open system prediction, taking into account frequency of wind-driven infection events and compatibilities of pathogens and inoculum enhancement in pathogen community, is needed to further enhance wheat production. There is scope to conduct antagonistic experiments between specific fungicides and fungicide resistance in biotrophic and necrotrophic fungi under greenhouse and field conditions, given known disease synergies in wheat crop management, there is a need to combine research on fungicide application, variety choice, and planting date, and ultimately look at economic impact of these strategies. Data and analysis of fungicide phenology effects on yield are needed, an additional constraint also exists, possibly due to climate change, which could affect response of wheat yield to fungicides.