Sustainable water resource management demands essential river pollution risk evaluation since regions heavily dependent on river resources need it for domestic and industrial functions and agricultural activities. Researchers use Fuzzy AHP and GIS to evaluate pollution risks within Al-Zab River in Al-Dibbis District in spring 2022. The evaluation system utilizes Fuzzy AHP weighting and GIS spatial analysis to process expert-weighted pollution assessments by implementing spatial analysis and handling uncertainties in subjective evaluations. The research evaluated natural and human-caused influences together with measured surface water values including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nitrate (NO3−) and total dissolved solids (TDS) along with sulfate (SO42−) turbidity (TUR) electrical conductivity (EC) pH dissolved oxygen (DO) and phosphate (PO43−). The Fuzzy AHP system used weights from experts to evaluate factors that accounted for both polluted source spatial variations and subjective assessment uncertainty. The analysis reveals that areas with moderate to high pollution risk primarily exist in regions around communities together with industrial emission areas as well as agricultural runoff boundaries. Dibbis District and industrial zones along with their surrounding areas formed the 35% high-risk section in the study area this is accompanied by 45% moderate risk regions and lastly 20% low risk sections. A GIS-generated pollution risk map functions as a vital resource for authorities who need to implement strategic management approaches toward reducing pollution while implementing sustainable water resource strategies.