The performance of photovoltaic (PV) and photovoltaic thermal (PVT) solar technologies is critically affected by environmental factors like a dust accumulation, shading, wind speed, and temperature. Dust on solar panels reduces light absorption, leading to decreased energy output. A dark cell makes a lot less electricity than one that isn’t shaded, Shading causes partial sunlight obstruction which significantly impacts power generation due to the sensitivity of PV cells to uniform illumination. Wind speed affects the thermal regulation of solar panels; high wind speeds can enhance cooling and improve efficiency, while low speeds may cause overheating. Additionally, temperature variations directly influence the electrical efficiency of solar cells; higher temperatures typically reduce their performance. This study conducts extensive experimental and simulation evaluations to assess the impact of these parameters on the efficiency and reliability of PV and PVT systems. Mitigation measures, such as regular cleaning schedules, optimal panel location, and advanced material designs, are presented to address these environmental concerns. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating environmental issues into solar technology design and maintenance in order to enhance performance and economic feasibility. Addressing these difficulties will improve the efficiency and longevity of solar energy systems.