Drug misuse, along with addiction, is a growing public health concern in Iraq as a result of political unrest, economic issues, and sociological transformations. The rising rates of substance abuse pose significant risks to society, affecting both health and the economy while harming mental health and well-being. The objective of this review is to elucidate the rising prevalence of drug usage and addiction in Iraq. It outlines the principal causes of this issue and its detrimental implications on society, health, mental well-being, and the economy. The review subsequently examines the strategies that have been enacted or suggested to mitigate the exacerbation of this phenomenon while advancing the objectives of sustainable development, specifically by fostering health and well-being in sustainable cities and communities, and ensuring peace, justice, and robust institutions, particularly in a nation like Iraq that has experienced political instability.