The present study aims to identify the role of strategic adaptation in business sustainability through the mediating role of dynamic capabilities, relying on the descriptive analytical approach. Data were collected using a questionnaire built based on a five-point Likert scale. They reflected the opinions of a sample of managers in cement manufacturing companies in Iraq. A purposive sample of (226) was selected to represent the original community of about (600) managers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used using (Amos 24.0) to test the hypotheses. The study concluded that strategic adaptation strongly impacts business sustainability, which confirms the importance of reformulating strategies according to environmental and competitive variables. The results also showed that dynamic capabilities mediate the relationship between strategic adaptation and business sustainability, but it is not as strong as expected, indicating that companies may not effectively benefit from their dynamic capabilities. Finally, the results showed that the direct relationship between dynamic capabilities and business sustainability is relatively weak, indicating that possessing these capabilities alone is insufficient to achieve sustainability without an effective adaptive strategy.