A field experiment was conducted in the winter season of 2023–2024 at the Rashidi and Al-Hamdani a site under rain-fed conditions to study the allelopathic effect of intercropping barley and safflower crops on the growth and yield of barley and safflower crops planted with several seed quantities. The experiment included one factor using a Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with intercropping seed rates between barley and safflower at a value of (50% barley + 50% safflower, 60% barley + 40% safflower, 40% barley + 60% safflower) in addition to a control treatment of 100% barley and 100% safflowers. The results showed at the Rashidi site that the 100% barley cultivation treatment achieved the highest value for plant height, reaching (90.583 cm). The highest rate of the number of shoots and the number of spikes (453,000 cm and 433,000 spikes) respectively. The highest value of the flag leaf area was (431.661 cm2), and the number of grains per spike was 21.633. While the 100% barley cultivation treatment achieved the highest value for each of straw yield gm. m2, biological yield gm.(m2) and reached 669.00 gm.m2, 2394.25 gm.m2) respectively, the highest grain yield was 587.690 gm. The harvest index and 1000-grain weight did not differ significantly between the 100% barley cultivation treatment and the other intercropping treatments. The results showed that the highest protein percentage was (8.6667) in the 100% barley cultivation treatment.