Rapid advancements in digital technologies, particularly in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and immersive media (IM), open new horizons in the 21st-century education through various innovative applications and tools. These technologies have a significant impact on how knowledge is accessed, processed, and shared. Building on the tradition of engineering pedagogy as defined by Melezinek, this paper emphasises the integration of pedagogical theory with technological innovation in response to current educational challenges. The aim of this research is to identify and categorise the pedagogical, ethical, and practical challenges associated with the integration of AI and AR into engineering education through thematic content analysis, and to design the TEAL (Technologically-Enhanced Active Learning) Framework as a pedagogically grounded model that supports the meaningful and ethically responsible use of these technologies. Through qualitative thematic content analysis of nine peer-reviewed academic sources, four overarching categories of challenges were identified: teacher preparedness and support, pedagogical and curricular adaptation, technical limitations and infrastructure, and ethical concerns and assessment challenges. To address these issues, the study proposes the TEAL (Technologically-Enhanced Active Learning) Framework, grounded in the TPACK model and Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle. The TEAL Framework offers teachers concrete strategies for designing lessons that support the development of practical skills, independent thinking, and the responsible use of technology. Beyond its immediate application in tertiary education, it can also serve as a foundation for teacher training and opens up new possibilities for empirical research through piloting in real educational settings.