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In this paper, design, miniaturization, and multiband optimization of a compact hexagonal co-planar waveguide (CPW) microstrip antenna for ISM (2.45 GHz) and Sub-6 GHz (5.5 GHz) frequency bands are presented. Starting with a rectangular patch (80 × 80 mm2), successive geometric refinements and slot insertions were used to shrink the footprint of the antenna down to 30 × 30 mm2, while efficiently radiating. A hybrid optimization process utilizing Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was performed on slot dimensions to shift resonances while matching impedance. Simulated in CST Studio Suite, the proposed antenna presents tree resonant modes at 2.14 GHz, 2.73 GHz, and 5.83 GHz. The antenna has a return loss of −30.8 dB at 2.73 GHz and −37.9 Db at 5.83 GHz. The simulated bandwidth with return loss (RL) >10 dB is 2–3.2 GHz around 2.45 GHz. These results represent a compromise among compactness, bandwidth, and performance, proving the proposed antenna for IoT, Wi-Fi, and emerging 5G Sub-6 GHz wireless systems.

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Design and Optimization of a Compact Hexagonal CWP Microstrip Antenna with Multi-band and Wideband Characteristics for ISM and Sub-6 GHz

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Mohamed Ben Brahim,
  • Abdessalam El Yassini,
  • Youssef Mejdoub,
  • Abdelkebir Elamri

摘要

In this paper, design, miniaturization, and multiband optimization of a compact hexagonal co-planar waveguide (CPW) microstrip antenna for ISM (2.45 GHz) and Sub-6 GHz (5.5 GHz) frequency bands are presented. Starting with a rectangular patch (80 × 80 mm2), successive geometric refinements and slot insertions were used to shrink the footprint of the antenna down to 30 × 30 mm2, while efficiently radiating. A hybrid optimization process utilizing Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was performed on slot dimensions to shift resonances while matching impedance. Simulated in CST Studio Suite, the proposed antenna presents tree resonant modes at 2.14 GHz, 2.73 GHz, and 5.83 GHz. The antenna has a return loss of −30.8 dB at 2.73 GHz and −37.9 Db at 5.83 GHz. The simulated bandwidth with return loss (RL) >10 dB is 2–3.2 GHz around 2.45 GHz. These results represent a compromise among compactness, bandwidth, and performance, proving the proposed antenna for IoT, Wi-Fi, and emerging 5G Sub-6 GHz wireless systems.