Tehran’s urban energy infrastructure is increasingly vulnerable to climate-related hazards, including drought-induced subsidence, floods, and heatwaves. Aging infrastructure and rapid urbanization exacerbate these issues, so a more efficient, spatially informed resilience evaluation is necessary. This research establishes a GIS-based framework for assessing the climate resilience of critical urban energy systems, such as power substations, transmission networks, and distribution points. Three fundamental aspects of resilience—exposure to climate hazards, infrastructure sensitivity, and adaptive capacity—are included in the evaluation. Land use maps, satellite images, and infrastructure data all help to create relevant spatial indicators. Vulnerabilities are quantified, and a composite Climate Resilience Index (CRI) is computed using a Delphi-based weighted scoring system. The findings indicate that the city exhibits substantial disparities in resilience, with marginalized and elderly neighborhoods being particularly susceptible. The research provides a practical decision-support instrument that enables urban planners and energy authorities to prioritize climate adaptation investments. Furthermore, applicable to other climate-sensitive towns all throughout Iran and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA area) is the flexible assessment approach.