As industry prioritizes intra- and inter-organizational integration and adopts intelligent autonomous systems, the prevalence and value of human-autonomy teaming is expected to increase. This paper explores the key challenges that must be addressed to achieve this vision. The identified challenges focus on the management of human autonomy and dependency, the establishment of trust and situational awareness, decision making through collaboration and the design of suitable system architectures. These challenges highlight key research directions, including the development of adaptive, trustworthy, and well-integrated human-autonomy teaming systems that support dynamic interaction, effective communication, and ecosystem-wide coordination.