Storage tanks in oil and gas transportation infrastructure represent particularly vulnerable assets due to their strategic importance and the severe environmental and technological consequences that may result from their damage. This article examines the problem of engineering protection of these facilities against unmanned aerial vehicle attacks. Two possible approaches to achieving this goal have been identified: direct and preventive protection. The implementation of direct protection involves creating solid shields on the object itself or in its immediate vicinity. These shields are designed to withstand direct drone hits without significant damage to the structure. Preventive protection is a method to avoid direct UAV hits by establishing certain obstacles at a distance. Within each method, new design solutions have been proposed for protecting vertical steel tanks, taking into account their specific features. The advantages of each method are described along with comparisons to existing analogues. Numerical modelling of blast wave impact on a tank equipped with a direct protection system was performed, demonstrating the solution’s effectiveness. The application of new engineering protection systems significantly reduces the risk factor of accidents in vertical steel tanks caused by military impacts.