Management and Control in the Disposal of Used Tyres: The Brazilian Experience
摘要
The demand for tyres has increased worldwide. Consequently, the disposal of used tyres is an environmental problem. Countries face the challenge of recycling such a solid waste, but it is still observed that large quantities are inadequately disposed of in landfills, especially in developing countries. In 2010, Brazil implemented a law named the National Solid Waste Policy, which addresses the reverse logistics for solid wastes, including used tyres. Resolutions of the Brazilian National Environmental Council established guidelines and control for disposal and recycling of used tyres. Nowadays, tyre manufacturers and importers must collect and properly dispose of a waste tyre for each new tyre sold. This work assessed the destinations of used tyres and the new tyre manufacturers and importers achievement goals for disposal and recycling in Brazil. The evaluation was performed from 2010 to 2023 based on data from Brazilian environmental agencies. The results showed that new tyre manufacturers met the goal, but importers did not. In 2023, 96.96% of the destination goal was achieved, while 3.04% of the waste tyres were not recycled. From 2010 to 2023, co-processing was the leading activity for waste tyre destinations, considered not a proper environmental practice. Although measures are in place and national goals are established annually, waste tyre collection and management continue to be a challenge for Brazilian environmental authorities in achieving a proper destination for this solid waste.