This chapter investigates the evolution of distribution models for Chinese animation from the early 2000s to the present. It situates distribution within the framework of China’s soft power strategies and the “going out” policy, which encouraged studios to export animated content and participate in international festivals as a means of entering global markets. Despite state subsidies, the financial impact of early exports remained modest, revealing the structural limitations of China’s international reach compared to Japanese anime. The chapter traces the diversification of domestic distribution, from national networks to specialized children’s channels and thematic platforms, with CCTV-14 playing a key role in shaping children’s programming. It also examines satellite distribution, drawing lessons from Japanese models, and evaluates the increasing importance of cinema releases, which positioned animation as a driver of box office growth. Case studies, including Ne Zha 2, illustrate how domestic successes achieved unprecedented international visibility. Beyond traditional circuits, the chapter discusses the role of festivals and exhibitions in legitimizing animation as cultural capital. The analysis concludes that distribution has shifted from a state-driven and television-centered model toward a hybrid ecosystem of theatrical releases, digital platforms, and global partnerships, reflecting the broader transformation of China’s media economy.

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Distribution Models in Transition

  • Vincenzo De Masi

摘要

This chapter investigates the evolution of distribution models for Chinese animation from the early 2000s to the present. It situates distribution within the framework of China’s soft power strategies and the “going out” policy, which encouraged studios to export animated content and participate in international festivals as a means of entering global markets. Despite state subsidies, the financial impact of early exports remained modest, revealing the structural limitations of China’s international reach compared to Japanese anime. The chapter traces the diversification of domestic distribution, from national networks to specialized children’s channels and thematic platforms, with CCTV-14 playing a key role in shaping children’s programming. It also examines satellite distribution, drawing lessons from Japanese models, and evaluates the increasing importance of cinema releases, which positioned animation as a driver of box office growth. Case studies, including Ne Zha 2, illustrate how domestic successes achieved unprecedented international visibility. Beyond traditional circuits, the chapter discusses the role of festivals and exhibitions in legitimizing animation as cultural capital. The analysis concludes that distribution has shifted from a state-driven and television-centered model toward a hybrid ecosystem of theatrical releases, digital platforms, and global partnerships, reflecting the broader transformation of China’s media economy.