Under the guidance of a teaching reform approach that focuses on improving students' mathematical thinking literacy and accumulating necessary mathematical knowledge, this article elaborates on the construction of effective and interesting classrooms in the teaching process of mathematics courses in higher vocational schools. Based on the analysis of students' learning situations, learning habits, cognitive logic, and thought processes, the article applies constructivist teaching theory to create appropriate teaching situations, and how to organize teaching activities and design teaching content in the process of mathematics classroom teaching Implementing teaching evaluation and conducting after-school teaching assessment propose practical paths and measures to enable students to independently transfer and expand new and old knowledge, truly achieving the "student-centered" educational reform goal, deepening mathematics education and teaching reform, improving teaching quality, and achieving the goals of curriculum teaching and professional talent cultivation.