The classic bee colony method has several limitations and produces less than optimal results when addressing the structural model issue, despite the fact that structural model design is essential to the course structure of colleges and institutions. Consequently, this study offers a model for college course structuring based on the AHP algorithm and thoroughly analyzes it. Firstly, in order to decrease interference factors in the process of structural model design, the analytic hierarchy process theory is used to properly detect the influencing variables. Then, the indicator is fairly split according to the needs of structural model design. After that, the structural model design scheme was built using the AHP method, and the outcomes were thoroughly examined. Under specific evaluation criteria, the MATLAB-based simulation results demonstrate that the AHP algorithm-based structural model design scheme outperforms the traditional bee colony algorithm in terms of processing time of structural model design influencing factors and structural model design accuracy, and can achieve ideal results.