As an innovative teaching method, nursing simulation teaching has received wide attention worldwide in recent years. With the rapid development of medical technology and the improvement of patient safety needs, nursing education is facing new challenges. Traditional clinical practice mode is often difficult to meet the teaching needs of combining theory and practice, and nursing simulation teaching, by creating a safe and controllable environment, enables students to learn and practice clinical skills under risk-free conditions, and improves the efficiency and quality of nursing education. Moreover, due to the complexity and unpredictability of the medical environment, simulation teaching provides students with training opportunities to cope with emergencies and crisis management, thereby partly reducing errors and risks in clinical practice. MATLAB simulation shows that under certain evaluation criteria, the cluster analysis algorithm has a teaching quality on the teaching strategy of nursing simulation teaching the simulation practice effect is better than the traditional nursing teaching mode.