Political, Intrinsic, Value Spectrums
摘要
This chapter addresses a significant casualty of disciplinary siloing across political philosophy, political science, and analytical ethics: the lack of a rigorous, critical examination of the political values spectrum as a conceptual tool. Starting from a purely descriptive, non-normative premise, it advocates for the political spectrum not merely as a pragmatic reductionist model for political scientists but as a powerful apparatus for unifying ethics and political theory. It achieves this by precisely defining the metaphysical character of political values. The core argument advanced is that political values are a unique subset of intrinsic ethical values, structurally defined by their existence as antagonistic pairs that constitute a zero-sum trade-off. This logical incompatibility, which prevents the simultaneous maximization of both poles (e.g., economic liberty versus equality), fundamentally distinguishes political values from ordinary intrinsic goods (e.g., culture versus healthcare). To prevent the unjustified expansion of the standard two-dimensional model (economic and social liberty), the chapter concludes by establishing four “blind judging criteria” that any candidate spectrum—including the proposed nature-technology spectrum—must satisfy to demonstrate genuine explanatory power and timelessness within political discourse.