Embryo technologies in donkeys (Equus asinus) are being developed to conserve endangered equid species and improve reproduction. Although donkey populations have declined in industrialized countries, embryo transfer (ET) from donor jennies to recipients like other donkeys, horses, or mules has shown promise. Despite early challenges, recent advances have led to successful pregnancies and births. Jennies’ reproductive anatomy is similar to mares with some differences. They breed year-round, and ovulation can be induced hormonally. Artificial insemination (AI) with fresh or chilled semen has varying success, while frozen-thawed AI is less effective. Sterile techniques are vital for embryo recovery, with factors like ovulation count and timing affecting success rates. Synchronizing estrus cycles between donors and recipients is critical for ET. Healthy, similarly sized recipients, ensure successful pregnancy and foaling, with mixed success using horses and mules as recipients. Efforts in embryo cryopreservation face challenges due to donkey embryos’ unique structure, but studies show potential for future use. Continued research and funding are needed to advance these technologies for conserving endangered breeds and improving reproductive outcomes.

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Updates on Embryo Technologies in the Donkey and Mule

  • Duccio Panzani

摘要

Embryo technologies in donkeys (Equus asinus) are being developed to conserve endangered equid species and improve reproduction. Although donkey populations have declined in industrialized countries, embryo transfer (ET) from donor jennies to recipients like other donkeys, horses, or mules has shown promise. Despite early challenges, recent advances have led to successful pregnancies and births. Jennies’ reproductive anatomy is similar to mares with some differences. They breed year-round, and ovulation can be induced hormonally. Artificial insemination (AI) with fresh or chilled semen has varying success, while frozen-thawed AI is less effective. Sterile techniques are vital for embryo recovery, with factors like ovulation count and timing affecting success rates. Synchronizing estrus cycles between donors and recipients is critical for ET. Healthy, similarly sized recipients, ensure successful pregnancy and foaling, with mixed success using horses and mules as recipients. Efforts in embryo cryopreservation face challenges due to donkey embryos’ unique structure, but studies show potential for future use. Continued research and funding are needed to advance these technologies for conserving endangered breeds and improving reproductive outcomes.