China tight oil has great resource potential, mainly distributed in Ordos, Songliao and Junggar basins. In recent years, tight oil has made remarkable progress in exploration and development technology. This paper systematically sorts out the geological characteristics, resource distribution and development technology status of tight oil in China, and points out the core challenges such as low efficiency of reservoir reconstruction, high development cost and environmental impact. By analyzing typical cases at home and abroad, this paper discusses the development direction of key technologies such as horizontal well volume fracturing and nano-flooding, and puts forward suggestions on policy support and marketization mechanism. The research shows that the development of tight oil in China needs to break through the technical bottleneck and optimize the development mode in order to achieve economic and efficient development.