To address the issues of shaft collapse in deep mines and hindered recycling of geothermal resources, this study focuses on a coal mine and employs the transient electromagnetic detection method for refined exploration of goaf and waterlogged areas around the mine. By deploying 42 survey lines and 3,943 physical points, combined with a large fixed-loop configuration and the Canadian V8 electromagnetic detection system, high-precision data were acquired. Anomaly analysis was conducted based on electrical property differences in strata. The results revealed delineated goaf anomalies covering an area of 789,936 m2, with reliability classifications for high- and low-resistivity anomalies, providing target areas for subsequent drilling verification. The study demonstrated the advantages of TEM, including strong anti-interference capability and high resolution under complex geological conditions, highlighting its practical value for mine safety risk prevention and control.