This chapter examines the dismantling of agroecology policies in Brazil during Jair Bolsonaro’s administration (2019–2022) and analyzes how, despite this federal retrenchment, new initiatives emerged at the subnational level. Drawing on the multidimensional framework developed by Cejudo and Olvera (2026) and on the policy dismantling literature (Bauer et al., 2012), the chapter shows that dismantling was driven by ideological motivations, political alignment with agribusiness interests, and structural austerity constraints. Through a combination of visible and subtle strategies—including the elimination of participatory councils, severe budget cuts, administrative restructuring, and the discursive delegitimization of agroecology—the federal government eroded the institutional architecture that had supported agroecological development since the early 2000s. Yet dismantling also produced secondary effects: state and municipal governments, often in partnership with civil society networks; advanced programs and regulations that support agroecology modeled on previous federal initiatives. The chapter demonstrates how local actors mobilized political, institutional, and discursive resources to sustain and reconfigure agroecological agendas under adverse national conditions.