A multitude of research has been conducted to examine two-dimensional materials, specifically graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), in light of its versatility for diverse applications. As a result, this chapter has provided particular details regarding the structures, and attributes of g-C3N4, as well as its development and history. In addition, we have presented a broad analysis on the production of g-C3N4 that has been utilized up until this point, along with a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks associated with this process. Furthermore, we have also addressed the modification processes that have been utilized to enhance its performance and to boost the specific features that it possesses. Finally, we have conducted a comprehensive assessment of the structural, morphological, and optical characterizations employed to analyze the properties of g-C3N4.