Qualitative research is an approach that seeks to explore and understand human experiences, behaviours, and social phenomena from the perspective of those involved. Unlike qualitative research, which relies on numerical data and statistical analysis, qualitative research focuses on rich, detailed descriptions and interpretations of events, interactions, and meanings. The primary aim is to capture the depth and complexity of human life rather than to generalise findings to larger populations. The choice of data collection methods in qualitative research is therefore critical, as it influences the credibility, richness, and authenticity of the insights generated. Data collection in qualitative research is more than a technical process; it is a socially embedded activity that requires careful consideration of context, relationships, and ethics. The researcher is often the primary instrument for gathering data, engaging directly with participants and interpreting their words, behaviours, and environments. Consequently, qualitative data collection methods must be flexible enough to adapt to the unfolding nature of the research process while still maintaining methodological rigour. This section examines the key data collection methods used in qualitative research, including interviews, focus groups, observation, document analysis, case studies, and visual/creative methods. It will explore how each method functions, its strengths and limitations, and the considerations involved in selecting and applying it. The discussion will also highlight ethical concerns, technological advancements, and the integration of multiple methods through triangulation [1–3].