Soil plays a crucial role in alpine mining ecosystems, with its physical properties and nutrient composition serving as key indicators of soil fertility and ecological functionality. This study systematically examined the physicochemical characteristics of reconstructed soil through field surveys and laboratory analyses, comparing them with those of natural soil. The results indicate that: (1) In the Qilian Mountain mining area, reconstructed soil exhibited significantly lower average thickness (14 cm), water content (16%), and bulk density (0.59 g/cm3) compared to natural soil (50 cm, 34%, and 0.88 g/cm3, respectively). (2) Regarding nutrient composition, reconstructed soil contained lower levels of total nitrogen (5.72 g/kg) and available nitrogen (0.32 g/kg) than natural soil (6.96 g/kg and 0.403 g/kg, respectively). However, it exhibited higher concentrations of total phosphorus (1.04 g/kg), available phosphorus (0.09 g/kg), total potassium (21.27 g/kg), and available potassium (0.37 g/kg) compared to natural soil (0.79 g/kg, 0.006 g/kg, 19.61 g/kg, and 0.149 g/kg, respectively). These findings reveal substantial disparities in physical properties and nutrient availability between reconstructed and natural soils, posing challenges to ecosystem restoration. To facilitate ecological rehabilitation in mining areas, future efforts should prioritize optimizing soil thickness, moisture content, bulk density, and nutrient balance to enhance soil functionality and promote ecosystem recovery.