This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the ways Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing biomedical research and modern healthcare. It traces the progression of AI from early expert systems through the adoption of advanced machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing models across the healthcare ecosystem. The narrative highlights AI’s transformative role in preventive medicine, emphasizing its impact on chronic disease screening, risk prediction, and the development of personalized intervention strategies. It further details the integration of AI and genomics for accelerating drug discovery, tailoring treatment plans, and supporting precision medicine in oncology, cardiology, and neurodegenerative diseases. The discussion extends to the application of AI-driven monitoring systems for healthy aging, the prediction of cognitive decline, and the optimization of care for older adults through wearable and ambient sensors. In hospital operations, AI aids in streamline workflows, enhances staff allocation, and improves patient triage, while its influence on public health epidemiology enables rapid, data-driven responses to disease outbreaks and supports equitable access to care. The chapter also addresses key ethical and regulatory challenges, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the need for adaptive oversight. Taken together, the chapter argues that AI holds unprecedented promise for reshaping disease management, longevity, and equitable healthcare delivery ushering in a new era defined by more proactive, personalized, and effective care.