Server virtualization has emerged as a fundamental technology driving the evolution of cloud computing infrastructure. This study investigates the critical factors influencing the adoption and effective use of server virtualization in cloud environments by integrating the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) and the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework. Data were collected from 302 IT professionals and system administrators in Vietnam through an online survey, and the analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS software. The results reveal that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, organizational, and environmental have significant positive effects on the intention to use server virtualization, while social influence shows no significant impact. Furthermore, intention to use virtualization significantly predicts actual usage behavior. These findings emphasize the technological and organizational readiness required for successful virtualization adoption, offering valuable insights for cloud architects, IT managers, and decision-makers in designing future-proof cloud infrastructures. The study also provides practical implications for enhancing system scalability, efficiency, and sustainability through virtualization technologies.