Neurodegenerative disorders are prevalent conditions characterized by a progressive loss of structure and function of neurons, ending in glial dysfunction and neuronal loss. The current techniques of neurostimulation (NS) applied to understand and treat the commonest neurodegenerative disorders include deep brain stimulation (DBS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and optogenetics. We discuss NS in pre-clinical models of Parkinsons’s disease (6-OHDA, MPTP, alpha-synuclein transgenic model), Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1 transgenic mice, 3xTg-AD transgenic mice, TgF-344 rat model and models of injection of oligomer Abeta), Huntington’s disease (R6/2 and R6/1 transgenic models, YAC128 mice, quinolinic acid injection in the striatum), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SOD1-G93A transgenic mice, TDP-43 mutant models), multiple system atrophy (PLP-alpha-synuclein transgenic mice). Overall, NS techniques have shown a modulation of burst-firing patterns, of release of neurotransmitters and various effects upon plasticity. Non-invasive strategies are attractive due to their potential translational applications. Still, key open questions for research include the effects of NS upon disease progression. Although various degrees of functional recovery have been shown in several models, the demonstration of a neuroprotective effect is still under investigation, keeping in mind translational gaps between animal models and human disorders. Closed-loop technologies and nanotechnologies are promising emerging tools.