Moldova’s constitutional neutrality can no longer be equated with passivity. In the context of Russia’s war against Ukraine and intensifying hybrid threats, neutrality must evolve into a framework for resilience, credible deterrence and strategic European alignment. We argue that Moldova’s transformation—anchored in its National Security Strategy and Security and Defence Partnership with the EU—offers a model for how neutrality and integration can coexist. It calls for embedding defence convergence as a new pillar of EU enlargement and outlines reforms to reinforce Moldova’s role as a future security contributor. A traffic light framework that is generally ‘yellow’ captures Moldova’s security landscape—from severe threats posed by Russian aggression and hybrid warfare, through manageable institutional and cyber vulnerabilities, to notable resilience gains in energy independence—together with democratic oversight and EU security cooperation.