Despite its direct political confrontation with the EU and pro-Russian foreign policy stance, Hungary supports the EU’s security and defence developments. Since 2017, it has modernised its military through European procurement and its own domestic industry. The EU and NATO remain central to its defence strategy, with Hungary participating in missions and joint capability projects. However, its foreign policy, which focuses on sovereignty, often complicates Allied cooperation. Threat perception in Hungary can be categorised as ‘yellow’.