Building upon the previous chapter, we review the extant literature with two goals in mind. First, the chapter examines the type of research methods that are being used to study Black sexual minority men (SMM). Specifically, this includes the different types of study designs, sampling frames, recruitment methods, and statistical analyses. Although these categories represent only a handful of possible ways to characterize research methods, they represent the central “methodological” concerns that help define a literature. Drilling down deeper into this literature will help us to understand the knowledge base regarding Black SMM and how this has been used to help formulate the nation’s public health response. The effort to examine more carefully research methods applied to studies of Black SMM will at the same time reveal what we do not know and need to learn in order to develop effective interventions. Second, we review how both quantitative and qualitative data are being used to better understand Black SMM from a life course perspective. To a large degree, the studies canvassed in this chapter emphasize high-risk sexual behaviors for HIV/STI prevention science. This includes identifying the strategies that researchers apply to examine the risk and protective factors that are used to advance a prevention agenda with this population. In this chapter, we exclude discussion of the measures used in these studies as this material can be found in Chap. 10 of this volume. Two important caveats are worth noting. First, readers should be advised that the division of studies into those that utilize qualitative methods and those that rely on quantitative approaches is meant only for organizational and illustrative reasons. Second, this review is not meant to be exhaustive as the number of studies that could be included are too numerous to count. The studies selected for inclusion represent a small segment of the literature and are meant only to be demonstrative.