This chapter lists a range of ocular disorders that arise or are exacerbated by environmental exposures, highlighting how external conditions can compromise otherwise normal visual function. Key environmental triggers include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, associated with pterygium, pinguecula, and cataract formation; air pollution and allergens, which contribute to dry eye disease and allergic conjunctivitis; and occupational or industrial irritants, such as chemical fumes and particulate matter, linked to keratitis and ocular surface damage. Low humidity, wind, and digital screen exposure can destabilize the tear film and provoke visual fatigue, while prolonged sunlight or glare can lead to photokeratitis and worsen existing ocular surface or retinal conditions. This chapter emphasizes preventive strategies, including UV-blocking eyewear, environmental modifications, and protective equipment.