This chapter lays the conceptual, theoretical, and analytical foundations of inclusive entrepreneurship by positioning it as a systemic response to persistent economic and social inequalities. It traces the evolution of the concept from a narrow focus on business creation toward a broader perspective centered on equitable access to entrepreneurial opportunities for historically marginalized groups, including women, youth, ethnocultural minorities, immigrants, and persons with disabilities. The chapter highlights the multidimensional nature of inclusive entrepreneurship—economic, social, institutional, and technological—and emphasizes the interdependence of these dimensions within entrepreneurial ecosystems. Drawing on key theoretical anchors such as effectuation, intersectionality, and resilience, it demonstrates how entrepreneurial trajectories are shaped by structural constraints as well as adaptive capacities in contexts of uncertainty and crisis. By synthesizing empirical insights from diverse geographic and social settings, the chapter underscores the limitations of one-size-fits-all support models and argues for differentiated, context-sensitive policies and accompaniment practices. It concludes by framing inclusive entrepreneurship as a lever for structural transformation, resilience, and shared prosperity, while setting the stage for the empirical and comparative contributions that follow in the volume.