Over the last decades, TLIF has become a popular technique for achieving decompression and circumferential fusion of the lumbar spine. TLIF reduces the risks associated with neural element retraction compared with PLIF. Minimally invasive techniques for TLIF and PLIF provide the advantages of MIS (less hospital stay, less postoperative pain, less blood loss, faster recovery). MIS TLIF by tubular microsurgical approach is a standardized surgical approach that can be done with fluoroscopy, navigation, or robotic guidance and has proved to be a good MIS technique for fusion and decompression. Its main indication is segmental lumbar instability associated with stenosis.