Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) has recently become the standard to treat various pathologies in many centers across the world (Hofstetter et al. Global Spine J. 10:111S–121S, 2020). The indications and possibilities have expanded along with the improvement of the surgical instruments and surgeons’ skills. Although lumbar disc herniation remains the most common indication for ESS (Hofstetter et al. Global Spine J. 10:111S–121S, 2020; Ju and Lee, Neurospine. 20(1):56–77, 2023; Kim et al. Indian Spine J. 3(1):78, 2020; Telfeian et al. Pain Physician. 25(2):E255–E262, 2022; Kapetanakis et al. World J Orthop. 8(12):874–880, 2017), additional procedures have been implemented not only for the lumbar spine, but also for thoracic and cervical pathologies (Ju and Lee, Neurospine. 20(1):56–77, 2023; Wang et al. Orthop Surg. 15(1):3–15, 2023; Kwon and Hur, J Minim Invasive Spine Surg Tech. 8:136–144, 2023). In this chapter, we will focus on the lumbar region, describe the complications and their management, mostly for the full-endoscopic, also called uniportal endoscopic spine surgery. However, most of the chapter may also be applied to endoscopic-assisted or bi-portal spine surgery. To differentiate between procedures, AO Spine nomenclature (Hofstetter et al. Global Spine J. 10:111S-121S, 2020) will be used.