Lumbar disc herniation can cause significant pain and neurological deficits. Surgery is considered after 6 weeks of failed conservative treatment. Open microdiscectomy is the standard technique for large or complex herniations, offering excellent visualization and access. Tubular microdiscectomy, a minimally invasive alternative, is preferred for smaller herniations due to its reduced tissue trauma, quicker recovery, and less blood loss. Studies show no significant long-term differences in pain relief or functional outcomes between the two methods, although tubular microdiscectomy may offer slight advantages in the immediate postoperative period. Both techniques have comparable complication rates, and the choice of procedure depends on the complexity of the herniation and patient factors. Advancements in minimally invasive techniques may further expand tubular microdiscectomy’s indications.