Ethnicity has been a key factor in the public perceptions of the fairness and legality involving police engagement and actions. However, most prior research has focused on Black and White individuals, with less attention paid to Hispanics. In addition, little effort has been made to control for other demographics and for potential differences according to geographical region in the United States. The present study examines how perceptions of police fairness in home and vehicle searches differ according to three ethnic groups (Black, White, Hispanic), while controlling for other demographics (gender, age, income, prior legal experience), with separate analyses for individuals from the Southwest (Texas) and the Northeast (Pennsylvania) quadrants of the United States. Participants included 334 Texas university students and 643 Pennsylvania university students who completed anonymous surveys while providing demographics and rating their personal perceptions on how ‘reasonable and therefore legal’ were eight home search cases and seven vehicle search cases that had been previously reviewed by the Supreme Court. Statistical analyses, including t-tests, revealed that the two regions were similar in perceived police fairness for home searches, but individuals in Texas perceived more police fairness in vehicle searches. ANCOVAs conducted separately by region revealed that White individuals perceived more police fairness in both home and vehicle searches than did Black or Hispanic individuals, but that finding was limited to those in Pennsylvania. Additional findings did reveal that more police fairness was reported by individuals who were older (in Pennsylvania), had more income (in Pennsylvania), and had more prior legal experience (in Texas). Present results suggest that ethnicity may not be the primary demographic associated with perceptions of police fairness, with learned personal and regional experiences found to be a critical predictor. These findings indicate the need for enhanced police training on improving the quality of citizen perceptions during interactions with the police. In addition, there is the concurrent, obvious need to instill improved leadership qualities in front line personnel.

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Analyzing Variables in Police-Public Encounters and the Potential for Police-Community Misunderstanding and Conflict

  • S. Hakan Can,
  • M. Berkay Ege Can

摘要

Ethnicity has been a key factor in the public perceptions of the fairness and legality involving police engagement and actions. However, most prior research has focused on Black and White individuals, with less attention paid to Hispanics. In addition, little effort has been made to control for other demographics and for potential differences according to geographical region in the United States. The present study examines how perceptions of police fairness in home and vehicle searches differ according to three ethnic groups (Black, White, Hispanic), while controlling for other demographics (gender, age, income, prior legal experience), with separate analyses for individuals from the Southwest (Texas) and the Northeast (Pennsylvania) quadrants of the United States. Participants included 334 Texas university students and 643 Pennsylvania university students who completed anonymous surveys while providing demographics and rating their personal perceptions on how ‘reasonable and therefore legal’ were eight home search cases and seven vehicle search cases that had been previously reviewed by the Supreme Court. Statistical analyses, including t-tests, revealed that the two regions were similar in perceived police fairness for home searches, but individuals in Texas perceived more police fairness in vehicle searches. ANCOVAs conducted separately by region revealed that White individuals perceived more police fairness in both home and vehicle searches than did Black or Hispanic individuals, but that finding was limited to those in Pennsylvania. Additional findings did reveal that more police fairness was reported by individuals who were older (in Pennsylvania), had more income (in Pennsylvania), and had more prior legal experience (in Texas). Present results suggest that ethnicity may not be the primary demographic associated with perceptions of police fairness, with learned personal and regional experiences found to be a critical predictor. These findings indicate the need for enhanced police training on improving the quality of citizen perceptions during interactions with the police. In addition, there is the concurrent, obvious need to instill improved leadership qualities in front line personnel.