Microplastics and nanoplastics are derived from many sources and are composed of a variety of chemical elements. An estimated 1.15 to 2.41 million tonnes of disposable plastics are received by the agroecosystems each year. Microplastic characteristics including increasing anthropogenic activity, small sizes, ubiquity, sheer volume, and composite chemicals have a big impact on the environment. They could affect the food ingredients or the ecosystems that support the main producers in the food chain directly or indirectly. For example, they may change the growth and development of plants, obstruct the digestive and root systems of organisms, prevent attachment for multiplying organisms, act as vectors of toxic compounds, interfere with the activities of microbial decomposers and nutrient cycles, etc. Microplastic pollution of agroecosystems reduces food production, negatively impacts food chain elements, jeopardizes food security, and is hazardous to human health. By employing sustainable water and mineral sources, regenerative agriculture stages the production of food products away from contaminated systems. Researchers are examining bio-based plastics and the use of clean remedial biotechnologies as alternate approaches to microplastic abatement due to the effects of growing microplastic volume and related effects. This chapter offers a thorough analysis of microplastic pollution, emphasizing its pervasive effects on the marine environment, food chain, and soil ecosystems. The study also offers a sustainable, economical, and successful method for stopping MPs from infiltrating the food chain and proving that the data is useful in real-world situations.