This chapter presents a comparative analysis of academic careers in Austria and Germany, focusing on the trajectories of early-career researchers (ECRs). The study aims to explore these differences by examining structural, institutional, and socio-cultural factors that influence ECRs career aspirations and associated expectations. Using data from the APIKS survey, the analysis highlights key similarities and differences in career paths, job security, and the impact of international degrees on career prospects. The findings reveal that Austrian junior academics benefit from a more structured tenure-track system, leading to higher job security and explicit career progression. In contrast, German academics face more diverse, but less predictable, career pathways, with longer periods of temporary contracts. Degrees obtained abroad significantly enhance career prospects in both countries, though the impact varies by degree level and country. The study underscores the importance of structured career pathways, international experience, job satisfaction, and robust support mechanisms in shaping academic careers.