Mutation breeding has become a valuable and holistic strategy for enhancing yield and quality traits in pulse crops, which are crucial for food security and sustainable agriculture. Pulses, being rich sources of protein, micronutrients, and dietary fiber, are integral to human nutrition, particularly in developing countries. However, genetic improvement in pulses has traditionally lagged behind that in cereals due to limited genetic diversity. Induced mutagenesis, through physical (e.g., gamma rays and X-rays) and chemical (e.g., EMS and DES) mutagens, offers an effective strategy to generate novel genetic variation rarely achieved through traditional breeding. Globally, mutation breeding approaches have led to the successful development of improved varieties with enhanced yield potential in pulse crops. Current breakthroughs in genomics have further expedited the identification and selection of beneficial mutations. The integration of mutation breeding with modern genomic approaches offers substantial potential for mitigating issues related to climate change, enhancing pulse crop productivity, and ensuring nutritional security. This chapter details the contribution of mutation breeding to the improvement of yield and quality traits in pulse crops.