Crop plants are continuously threatened by various biotic and abiotic stresses, resulting in significant reduction in quality, yield, and productivity. Abiotic factors such as drought, salinity, extremities of temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity hamper growth and development, often predisposing plants to biotic pathogens. Climate change has further intensified these challenges, leading to more frequent and severe stress events that traditional breeding approaches struggle to address. Although conventional breeding methods like hybridization and marker-assisted selection (MAS) have contributed to the development of stress-resilient varieties, they are often constrained by long breeding cycles, limited genetic diversity, and compromise between stress tolerance and agronomic traits. Induced mutation breeding has emerged as an effective alternative for generating novel genetic variations to enhance stress resilience. This approach has successfully led to the development of drought-tolerant bananas, salt-resistant grapevines, and disease-resistant papayas. Recent advancements, including CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN-based genome editing, have further revolutionized mutation breeding, allowing precise genetic modifications to enhance crop resistance against multiple stress inducing factors. Additionally, omics technologies and high-throughput screening have accelerated the identification of beneficial mutations for stress tolerance. This chapter highlights the importance of induced mutation technologies in breeding climate-resilient crops and discusses recent innovations that can help in sustainable crop production in the face of environmental challenges.