The quest for advanced agricultural technologies aims to combat hunger and unreliable food access, exacerbated by a rising global inhabitant, limited arable land, and climate change. These technologies, particularly in developing countries, have the capacity to reduce poverty and improve the access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. This chapter evaluates site-directed mutation methods such as vector-based mutation, PCR-based mutation and nucleases mediated mutation. Moreover, this chapter highlights their potential for the genetic improvements in crops. Site-directed mutagenesis has been successfully utilized for inducing targeted mutations in a wide range of crops, comprising staple food crops, oilseeds, and horticultural crops. This technique has successfully enhanced agricultural characteristics like productivity, nutritional value, and resilience to stress. Additionally, site-directed mutagenesis is highly utilized to eliminate selectable markers in transgenic crops. A majority of the research involving site-directed mutagenesis has concentrated on cereals, with horticultural crops following closely behind. Of the various techniques in inducing mutagenesis, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been the most commonly utilized followed by TALENs. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology is valued for its ability to create precise mutations with minimal off-target effects, making it the preferred choice in numerous studies. TALENs, on the other hand, are generally used to knockout genes associated with undesirable traits. The mutations generated through these techniques have been shown to be stable and heritable across generations. Therefore, the CRISPR/Cas9 system for site-directed mutagenesis could be a promising tool for advancing agricultural development, helping to ensure global food sustainability.