Gender is a key determinant of mental health, shaping identity, social roles, exposure to stressors, symptom expression, and access to care. This chapter examines the concepts of the gender perspective and gender analysis and their relevance for mental health research and clinical practice. Rather than equating gender analysis with the study of women or with binary comparisons between women and men, the chapter conceptualizes gender as a socially constructed, relational, and multidimensional phenomenon that includes women, men, and gender-diverse individuals. The chapter outlines the gender perspective as an analytical framework that highlights gender-based inequalities in power, resources, and social expectations and their impact on mental health outcomes. It discusses ongoing debates in gender research, including the risk of overemphasizing gender differences and the persistent underrepresentation of non-binary and transgender populations. Gender analysis is presented as a methodological approach that integrates gender considerations across all stages of research, from study design to data interpretation. Core elements include the appropriate use of sex and gender concepts, sex- and gender-disaggregated data, gender-sensitive measurement tools, and the application of intersectional approaches to examine how gender interacts with other social determinants of health. The chapter also reviews key international guidelines and policy initiatives promoting gender-sensitive research and highlights common limitations in psychiatric research, particularly the tendency to privilege biological explanations over social and structural factors such as trauma, discrimination, and unpaid care work. Finally, the chapter explores the clinical implications of adopting a gender perspective, emphasizing its importance for understanding patterns of mental distress, reducing barriers to care, and improving the quality and equity of mental health interventions. Integrating gender analysis is essential for producing rigorous evidence and advancing person-centered mental health care.