This chapter analyzes the rise of Nazi totalitarianism in Germany and questions mass obedience to authority, illustrated by the case of Adolf Eichmann, the zealous executor of the “Final Solution.” However, Hannah Arendt describes him as an ordinary man, not a monster, emphasizing the banality of evil and the widespread passive obedience of the time. The author draws a parallel with modern passivity in the face of the excesses of thermo-industrial development, where many are content to follow orders in order to preserve their situation. He questions individual and collective responsibility, wondering whether, like Eichmann, some current leaders should be judged for the consequences of their actions. He puts forward the idea that this obedience is the result of a process of negation of the human subject, replaced by a racist ideology. According to him, this form of racism is not unique to Nazism, insofar as Nazism merely drew inspiration from principles and legislation that already existed in the United States. So, the origin of this phenomenon can be found in the very foundations of our Western civilization and in our relationship with other peoples and the Hearth commons. It is the future of Humanity which would be condemned without dramatical changes in a certain vision of the world.