Between Authenticity, Conservation, and Digital Reconstructions: A Palimpsest for the Tomb of Meryneith in Saqqara, Egypt
摘要
The concept of authenticity is paramount in the Cultural Heritage discourse despite having deeply different connotations in the Western and Eastern worlds. What we may consider, hic et nunc, not authentic due to extensive restorations or reconstructions is, conversely, viewed as purely authentic in some areas of Asia. This prompts us to question what authenticity truly entails and at what cost we should preserve it. Is authenticity merely a feature of material culture, or is it a more phenomenological matter? Delving into this matter may lead to different approaches to the restoration of architectural Cultural Heritage: if the authenticity of materials is prioritized, one may sacrifice the general perception of space in favor of a greater respect for the materiality of the object. Conversely, if one considers the aura of the place more essential, they may opt for interventions that enhance its former spatial essence. Clearly, several compromises exist. In this framework, the digital realm has become—ironically enough—as significant as authenticity itself, presenting a series of problematic issues and consequences. This paper focuses on the tomb of Meryneith in Saqqara, Egypt, excavated at the beginning of the twenty-first century and subject to extensive conservation efforts that deeply affected its appearance. A critical examination of this operation will be presented, along with an architectural analysis of the tomb. Furthermore, a three-dimensional virtual reconstruction of the tomb realized by the author based on the photogrammetric survey conducted by Politecnico di Milano team during the 2018 Leiden-Turin Expedition to Saqqara (led by the National Museum of Antiquities RMO Leiden and the Museo Egizio, Turin) will be presented. This 3D model serves as a scientific digital object suitable both for dissemination and study. All these materials related to the tomb of Meryneith are compiled to produce a palimpsest that depicts the tomb in its complexity, considering both its former shape and its actual appearance, while acknowledging the central importance of authenticity in the preservation of Cultural Heritage.