The Portuguese railway infrastructure, inaugurated in 1856 and substantially mostly completed by 1940, bears notable historical and cultural significance. Guided by standardized construction techniques, it led to the construction of approximately five hundred typified railway stations. While some have regrettably been destroyed, many persist in operational roles or have been rehabilitated for new purposes. In this context, a substantial portion remains neglected, representing a precious architectural heritage that demands attention. The objectives of this study surpass a mere assessment of the current condition of these structures. We aim to assertively identify operational stations and those that have been abandoned, concurrently exploring the potential of these buildings within the framework of their historical context. The research methodology employed is grounded in a systematic survey of railway stations from the specified period, with data collected from archived records, official documents, and on-site assessments. This study provides in-depth perspectives on the architectural integrity and historical relevance of these structures, furnishing valuable data for preservation and urban planning guidance. We emphasize the direct applicability of these results in the development of effective strategies for the safeguarding and optimization of the railway heritage in Portugal.