This chapter introduces and summarizes recent progress on the multi-objective optimization of composite aircraft wings (Y. Liu et al., Aerospace Science and Technology, 2025, 158:109926), supplemented by an updated computational dataset. A multi-objective optimization framework based on the NSGA-II genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the planform of a Boeing 777-class composite aircraft wing. A two-way coupled aeroelastic analysis with structural sizing was integrated into the framework to evaluate wing performance and ensure structural feasibility. Two conflicting objectives, aerodynamic drag and structural weight, were minimized under constraints of fixed lift, planform area, and structural integrity. In addition, a comparative study was conducted on three selected Pareto-optimal wing designs with varying wingspans to investigate design trends and the influence of wingspan variation on aerodynamic performance and structural sizing outcomes. The results indicate that a well-distributed Pareto front was successfully achieved and that longer wingspans reduce aerodynamic drag at the cost of increased structural weight.