Thriving animal populations could be more than an ecological asset—they might also bolster economies. This chapter examines the economic impact of faunal diversity, with Brazil as a case study. Using indices like the Biodiversity Intactness Index, the Ecosystem Condition Index, and the IUCN Vertebrates Red List, the findings reveal a strong correlation between rich animal populations and higher GDP per capita, although causation remains unclear. Brazil, a biodiversity hotspot, showcases how ecological wealth can drive economic growth and enhance social inclusion. Protecting such natural assets is not merely a responsibility—it is a strategic opportunity. By linking the spatial distribution of species to economic outcomes, this analysis underscores the dual importance of faunal biodiversity for economic resilience and environmental sustainability, particularly in nations abundant in renewable natural resources. Designing policies that balance economic ambitions with wildlife protection is critical for long-term prosperity.