The chapter outlines one of the most common forms of human trafficking, for sexual exploitation, which is a serious global issue. It is considered one of the serious crimes among different types of human trafficking, and children, adolescents, and adults of male, female, and transgender categories are vulnerable to this crime across the world. The abuse has a lifelong impact on victims. Prevalence, personal risk factors for victimisation, physical and psychological impacts, and long-term effects will all be covered in length in this chapter. Individual, social, political, and economic factors causing human trafficking for sexual exploitation were discussed in the chapter. Family factors play an important role in human trafficking and the sexual exploitation of women and children. In many cases, parents were the perpetrators of human trafficking by forcing children into prostitution, having incestuous relationships, or even making pornography films. Cultural factors and human trafficking for sex are also explored, as cultural factors and practices predispose many to human trafficking for sex, and many traditional rituals bind the victims to traffickers.