The profiling of terrorists and the victims of terrorism is important for investigation and prosecution. It also plays an important role in preventing terrorism. Many hurdles are faced by researchers and investigators to understand the personality characteristics of the terrorists. The incorporation of terrorists in the interrogation process is well known. This chapter emphasises various psychological, personality, and socioeconomic factors of the terrorists and risk factors for the vulnerabilities to terrorism. The sociodemographic features such as age, sex, education, religion, and socioeconomic status shed light on the background and psychological makeup of terrorists. Terrorist profiles can be categorised into lone wolf terrorists, group-based terrorists, and state-sponsored terrorists depending on their methods of operation. Researchers have consistently found that individuals involved in terrorism often suffer from mental health issues. Mainly they act on ideologies and use it for justification of the crimes. All these factors were considered and discussed well in the chapter. The profiling of victims is also explored based on recent literature.